Airlines and Strategic Management

Airlines and Strategic Management Free Online Research Papers The following report analyses the industry environment for the domestic airline industry operating out of the Coolangatta airport using Porters five force model. This report will conclude why the potential for returns is so low in this industry using Porters diamond. The report will incorporate appropriate and adequate discussion of key theoretical concepts and clear linkages between theory and practice demonstrating understanding of subject matter. The focal airline which I have chosen to analyse in the following report is Virgin Blue, in which I will be comparing it to other domestic airlines operating from the Gold Coast: Qantas, Jetstar and Tiger Airways. Air travel has changed the way people live and experience the world today. The airline industry is a strategic sector that plays a fundamental role in the globalization of other industries since it promotes tourism, world trade, foreign investment and, therefore, leads to economic growth (investopedia.com/features/industryhandbook/airline.asp, April 12, 2008). However, all airlines within the industry operate in a highly dynamic environment where various legal, social, technological and economic forces interact with each other, thus influencing their decisions and actions (investopedia.com/features/industryhandbook/airline.asp, April 12, 2008) Currently in Australia and operating from the Coolangatta Airport, are three main domestic airlines, namely Qantas, Virgin Blue and Jetstar, and currently a fourth new airline, Tiger Airways has been recently added to the market. The airline that has consistently prevailed over several challenges and obstacles over the years and has emerged triumphant is Virgin Blue Airlines. The first Virgin Blue flights began in May 2000. In 2001 Virgin Blue saw a market for domestic flights from the Gold Coast, and begun its service (virginblue.com.au/AboutUs/index.htm, April 12, 2008). The timing of Virgin Blue’s entry into the Australian domestic airline market was fortunate as it was able to fill the gap created by the failure of Ansett in September, 2001. It was at this time that Qantas dominated the market share and saw Virgin Blue as a threat. Ansetts failure allowed Virgin Blue to grow rapidly to become Australias second domestic carrier, rather than just a cut-price alternative to the established players. It also gave them access to terminal space without which growth would have been significantly limited (virginblue.com.au/AboutUs/index.htm, April 12, 2008). In the industry where airlines can face severe financial distress due to oil crisis, recessions and terrorist attacks, Virgin Blue continues to grow and prosper. The main attraction of Virgin Blue is their cheap tickets. This â€Å"budget† airline provides ‘no frills’ affordable travel. With Virgin Blue entering the airline market, families are able to travel the short distance by air rather than spending multiple hours on the road. By offering short, frequent, low-priced and convenient flights Virgin Blue has carved a niche for itself and has left its competitors behind. However, one of the drawbacks of having such a successful strategy is that it can be imitated by competitors, thus causing the company to lose its competitive advantage. Virgin Blue currently captures 30% of the domestic airline market flying inbound and out bound from the Coolangatta airport, and intends to lift its share from 30% to 50% over the next couple of years ( Sydney Morning Herlad, Aug 22, 2005). However with the introduction of Jetstar in 2004 and Tiger Airways in 2007, Virgin Blue faces the risk of limited market share, reduced profitability and the loss of competitive advantages it worked so hard at achieving. Minister of Tourism, Desley Boyle quotes that ‘In the past 12 month the domestic airline capacity at the Coolangatta Airport has soared, with an extra 9000 seats arriving and departing into the region’ (Tourism Queensland, 28/02/2008) However the result of rocketing seat numbers has not only been the cause of Virgin Blue increasing its number of flights arriving and departing from the Gold Coast, it has also been a subsequence of the introduction of Jetstar and most currently, Tiger Airways. In regards to the rise of competition delivered to airlines operating from Coolangatta Airport, the survival of the fittest rule applies more, in every sense of the word, than it ever has. In order to survive, as well as succeed, the business needs to assess its competitive environment and identify key factors that may influence its actions (Porter, 1998, p.45). The airline industry is very competitive and Michael Porter’s five-forces model can be used to analyse the intensity of the competition and the profitability of this industry. Porter’s five forces model is a business unit strategy tool which is used to make an analysis of the value of an industry structure (Hubbard, 2004, pg 35). The analysis is made by the identification of 5 fundamental competitive forces. These include: Entry of Competitors Threat of Substitutes Bargaining Power of Suppliers Bargaining Power of Buyers Rivalry among the existing players (Hubbard, 2004, pg 35) One of the forces identified by this model is the threat of new entrants which refers to the possibility of new competitors entering the industry and undermining the profits of the established businesses (Aarons, Waalewijn, 1999, pg4). The degree of threat en route for Virgin Blue in the future is determined by the existing barriers to entry. In the world today, the airline industry is so saturated that there is hardly space for a newcomer to enter the market. The biggest for this is the cost of entry. The airline industry is one of the most expensive industries, due to the cost of buying and leasing aircrafts, safety and security measures, customer service and manpower (investopedia.com/features/industryhandbook/airline.asp, April 12, 2008). Other barriers to entry which will recess new comers into the airline industry include Government restrictions and high capital costs to develop new airlines. However, the entry barriers for new airlines is lower today since the Australian domes tic airline market was deregulated in 1990, which since its founding, Virgin Blue has seen more airlines start up and existing airlines expanding their market due to this deregulation (Queensland Tourism Industry Council, 05 April 2007). This has produced far greater competition than before deregulation in most markets. The deregulation has allowed Jetstar and Tiger Airways enter the market and reduce the market share for Virgin Blue and with the added competition, together with pricing freedom, means that there is a major constraint on profitability for the airline industry. The bargaining power of buyers is another force that can affect the competitive position of a company (Porter, 1998, p.48). This refers to the amount of pressure customers can place on a business, thus, affecting its prices, volume and profit potential (Porter, 1998, p.45). The various airlines flying from the Gold Coast airport are competing for the same customer, which also results in strengthening the buyer power. Individuals wishing to travel to and from the Coolangatta airport are presented with various choices when selecting an airline but price is usually the most important factor, especially for students and families. Hence, the bargaining power of customers in the airline industry is very high since they are price sensitive and search for the best deals available. Virgin Blue attracts travellers that are price sensitive by offering them low fares and those that are convenience oriented by providing them with frequent flights. Qantas on the other hand has created a frequent f lyer program to create switching costs which may be a significant factor to a traveller when choosing which airline to fly with. In addition to buyers, suppliers can also exercise considerable pressure on a company by increasing prices or lowering the quality of products offered. The bargaining power of suppliers depends on supplier concentration, substitute supplies, switching costs, threat of forward integration and buyer information (unisanet.unisa.edu.au, 14 April 2008) Suppliers within the airline industry are concentrated since Boeing and Airbus are the main suppliers (unisanet.unisa.edu.au, 14 April 2008) As the supplier industry is dominated by Boeing and Airbus the concentration undermines the ability of airlines such as Virgin Blue to exercise control over suppliers and earn higher profits. Since Virgin Blue has a fleet of 53 Boeing 737 aircraft its supplier has a high bargaining power over Virgin Blue (virginblue.com.au/AboutUs/index.htm, April 12, 2008). However, other suppliers who work with the airline such as the providers of on board snacks do not have the same bargaining power as they are a la rger industry which allows for Virgin Blue to have a choice over who they are purchasing from. Virgin Blue will purchase their on board snacks from the supplier which is the most economic so Virgin Blue can make a higher profit margin from the goods when they are sold. The availability and threat of substitutes is another factor that can affect competition within the airline industry. It refers to the likelihood that customers may switch to another product or service that performs similar functions (Stahl, M, Grigsby D 1997, pg 145). Substitutes for air travel include travelling by train, bus or car to the desired destination. The degree of this threat depends on various factors such as money, convenience, time and personal preference of travellers. The competition from substitutes is affected by the ease of with which buyers can change over to a substitute. A key consideration is usually the buyers switching costs, however due to their low fare non-stop flights, Virgin Blue, Jetstar and Tiger airways can lure both price sensitive and convenience oriented travellers away from these substitutes. Virgin Blue has actually joined forces with its substitutes, such as car rentals and hotel and tour packages as they believe that these complement the Airl ine Industry by helping its growth and popularity. No other travel industry has such incentives and these really help the airline industry to a large extent. The final force in Porter’s model is competitive rivalry that describes the intensity of competition between established firms in an industry (Stahl, M, Grigsby D 1997, pg 148). Industries that are very competitive generally earn low profits and returns since the cost of competition is high (Stahl, M, Grigsby D 1997, pg 148). The airline industry is usually characterized by the cut-throat competition that exists among the rival airlines due to its low cost nature. Since the carriers are involved in a constant struggle to take away the market share from each other, industry growth is average and as it is easy for buyers to switch between the airline companies, depending on price, the rivalry is increased. Rivalry is also high in the airline industry due to high fixed costs, as much of the cost of a flight is fixed, there is a great opportunity for airlines to sell unsold seats cheaply, which resolve in pricing wars between the airlines (Hubbard, 2004, pg 38). The airlines are c ontinually competing against each other in terms of prices, technology, in-flight entertainment, customer services and many more areas. The net result of this competition between companies is an overall slow market growth rate. In conclusion we can understand that the airline industry is very competitive and Michael Porters five-forces model can be used to explain why the potential for returns is so low in this industry. Firstly, the threat of new companies entering the industry is high and the entry barriers are low. Secondly, the bargaining power of customers is high since they are price sensitive and search for the best deals. The third force, bargaining position of suppliers, is strong since they are concentrated and this limits the control airlines have over suppliers to reduce prices and earn higher profits. The availability and threat of substitutes is another factor that can affect a company’s competitive position. However, the degree of this threat depends on various factors such as time, money, convenience and personal preferences of travellers. The final force in Porters model is competitive rivalry between the companies within an industry. Cut-throat competition exists among the airlines and since there is a constant struggle for market share, the over all profit potential of this industry is low. REFERENCES The Industry Handbook:The Airline Industry, viewed 12 April 2008 (investopedia.com/features/industryhandbook/airline.asp) Virgin Blue Corporate Information, viewed 12 April, 2008 (virginblue.com.au/AboutUs/index.htm, April 12, 2008) Rochfort, P 2005, ‘Qantas plots no frills war with Virgin’, Sydney Morning Herald, Aug 22 Queensland Government 2002, ‘Gold Coast flying high on domestic airline seat increase’, Tourism, Regional Development and Industry, 28th February, p.1 Queensland Tourism Industry Council 2007, ‘Changes In The Sky’, Thursday, 5 April Queensland Tourism Industry Council 2004, ‘Queensland s tourism industry takes off with increased flights’, Wednesday 24 March Porter, M 1998, Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance, Free Press, Texas Hubbard, G 2004, Strategic Management: Thinking, Analysis Action, Pearson, Australia Swaan Aarons, H. Waalewijn, Ph 1999, knowledge base representing Porters Five Forces Model, IOS Press, Netherlands Strategic Management Accounting: Tools and Techniques of Strategy, Viewed 14th April 2008, unisanet.unisa.edu.au Stahl, M, Grigsby D 1997, Strategic Management: Total Quality and Global Competition, Blackwell Publishing, New Jersey Research Papers on Airlines and Strategic ManagementNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceTwilight of the UAWThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsDefinition of Export QuotasAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaPETSTEL analysis of IndiaMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfOpen Architechture a white paper

Supply chain management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 4

Supply chain management - Essay Example Experts defined SCM as a blend of a variety of procedures that begin from the preliminary stage of the product till the completed utilization of the same creation by the customer. It is a procedure which entail the development, execution, of these plans, and scheming of the product construct with the purpose of providing absolute fulfillment to the customer with regards to the quality of the product, (Wixon, Jim 2000). No innovation retains the fancy of the industry for long. SCM also, like many other new techniques before it, has gone out of fashion with many of the industries, (Davis,1993). This is evident from their inability to verify data pertaining to disruptions or irregularities in supply chains, Failure of Executives to pin point unfavorable actions and reasonably predict their consequences to the business push them into hasty decisions with undesirable consequences, (Gosling, 2003). Needless to say, such actions can be disastrous to the company operating in a competitive en vironment, (Lee, and Billington, 1992). Manufacturing and product delivery costs can mount, inventory may pile up, further adding to the cost, and actual delivery to the consumer get delayed, each of these individually and together can burden the company, (Christy, 1994). Non-availability of relevant SCM data may deny to the organization the ability to respond promptly and successfully to emerging opportunities. 2.0 SCOR – OVERVIEW AND UTILITY TO BUSINESS OPERATIONS Supply Chain Operations reference (SCOR) model has been evolved, tested and certified by the Supply Chain Council, a Non-Profit Organization. The industry has received it well and adopted extensively as a reliable tool for analyzing Supply Chain operations and managing them, (SCC, 1999). It enables its users to compare the various SCM activities and evaluate their performance and relevance to the management objectives. It is hierarchical and structural in nature. As end result it provides the optimal processes and solutions for the organization’s SCM requirements, (Brocke, 2007). SCOR analyses all the elements on the Product Development and Delivery network and keeping the focus on optimum satisfaction of the customer, identifies and brings to light complicated as well as simple supply chains which have specific impacts on the over all outcome of the operations, (Supply-Chain Council, 2005). This ease of analysis helps in interconnecting and showing as sequels the chain of events/operations that hinder production or delivery, and their over-all impact, (VRM 3.0, 2004). Thus it serves as a foundation on which Supply chains can be developed for simple local operations as much as it can serve to build large scale world-wide Projects, (Fox, Chionglo, and Barbuceanu, 1993). SCOR has become handy for enhancing the flexibility of interaction among trading partners and customers, which, in turn has radically impacted the operational economics of the entire Industry. The combination of the adv anced capabilities of I.T. with SCOR has produced very good results, (BEA,2003). Far from the mere connectivity of Supply Chain events, SCOR has now achieved a system of extracting real time data at various levels,

Staff Satisfaction in Market Competition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Staff Satisfaction in Market Competition - Essay Example As the paper declares employee satisfaction has been proven to be directly related to overall productivity within an organization, whether the employees are in direct contact with the end consumer or not. This relationship can perhaps best be seen in the service-profit chain described by a report given by members of the Harvard Business School faculty. This discussion stresses that the Purdue University study supported this service-profit chain in reverse by focusing on the employees within corporations who had little to no actual contact with the end consumer. This study also demonstrated that the happy employee deep within the company is more likely to work hard to help other employees within the company with whom they have contact. These other employees, feeling their voices are heard and satisfied that their needs are met, are then more likely to take personal interest in pleasing the customers. These satisfied customers increase exponentially into a loyal market base and much greater profitability for the company. More than a cooperative team working together to meet the customers’ needs, companies with happy, productive employees increase their productivity simply by reducing the need to train new employees as a result of high turnover thanks to an increased employee loyalty. This employee loyalty developed as a result of customer service within the organization further translates to a more competitive market edge. Loyal employees have an active interest in helping their company be successful.

Relationship of relationships Essay Example for Free

Relationship of relationships Essay Statistics on suicides show either positive or negative correlations with suicidal tendencies. There are then vulnerabilities but there are also mitigating circumstances or resistance to committing suicidal acts. Age level, ethnicity, gender or sexual orientation and affiliations were found out to somehow relate to occurrence of suicide. The individual’s state of mind and history of mental illness are shown as factors to consider. To properly situate these findings, we therefore define the key elements of a synthesis from the three disciplines used in the study. We came up with the following: 1. There is a sort of an internal progression line and a parallel social time line The relationship between these two line is like lock and key, based on fitness but in a very dynamic setting subject to sudden â€Å"twists and turns† along the way of integration or its opposite alienation. The situation made more complex as social situations are not usually homogenous. Variation in individual progression may not be the same. Alienation then could continue with the social situation for the individual deteorating as well because of its regression into greater alienation. 2. Reason for living There are levels of ideation, fairness for example is simpler than being just and in the same manner looking at life as a skill of how to handle the complex of emotion and reasoning in relation to social information daily being processed and given the vulnerabilities, intervention could be crafted and social vectors who or which will carry it out properly identified, invited and oriented. The purpose is not really educational or mentoring but engagement in real life social situations. Gaining insights in preventing suicides Taking bits of wisdom from different disciplines affords a view of world against a new light and in concerns such as suicide; a fundamental realization of the value of life in contrast to losing the reason for living is of paramount importance. Combining psychology, sociology and religious perspective gave us this opportunity (Table 1). Table 1. Generated insights used in the study from the three disciplines Discipline Insights Psychology The perception of self could be more decisive than the nature of self as determinant of action. Perception is a product of cognition. Suicide is a form of self annihilation. Could be a product of â€Å"dark cognition† Sociology Group setting is integral in developing self. The value system is as fundamental as the relational in group or social networks. Suicide as a syndrome has social context, a form of conflict resolution which is acceptable in some cultures (Masada, Seppuku in Japanese culture). Religion The value of life is above life. The objective of life is purification. Suicide is a sin not on life but a sin of arrogance that life is for us to take. A continuing exploration on life There is that saying that life is always a search for completion and which forms one of the great motivations in human development. In the same vein, this effort is an exploration traversing perhaps what Kolberg’s describe as the higher stages. The integration of the different perspectives may not be perfect as each of the disciplines have their own attributes which could be taken as either strength or weaknesses (Table 2). Table 2. Strengths and weaknesses of the three disciplines used in this study Discipline Strengths Weaknesses Psychology Probes into the nature of self and will on human behavior including dark acts such as suicide. The apparent stand off in the nature and cognition Sociology Relates self and social processes of integration or alienation Unpredictability of human behavior or dynamic shifts. Social senses may not be keen enough and sensitive enough to notice risk situations or situations leading to suicides. Religion Externalization of the value and meaning of life. Morally grounded. Tendency to mystification of mundane and human nature.

Last Of The Mohicans Essay -- essays research papers

The book begins in the middle of the French and Indian War in upper New York State near the Hudson River and Lake Chaplain. General Webb has just gotten word from an Indian that Moncalm and the French are going to attack Fort William Henry and that Colonel Munro will not be ale to keep the fort because he only has one thousand men and that he (Webb) needs to send reinforcements immediately. Upon hearing this, he ordered fifteen hundred men to be ready to march at dawn and has Cora and Alice Munro sent to their father at Fort William Henry accompanied by Major Duncan Heyward on horseback. They went along an Indian path which was to get them to Fort William Henry faster and they were lead by an Indian runner, from the time they left Fort Edward the two sisters were suspicious of their Indian Guide, Le Renard Subtil. A little while into their trip, they meet the singing master David Gamut who asked to accompany them to Fort William Henry. Not to far away in the same forest, were an Indian and a White man talking about their race’s existence in the "New World." The Indian was Chingachgook, the chief of the Mohicans, and the White man, Hawkeye; this was the name given to him by the Indians. They talk for a while and then decide to eat. Uncas kills them something for dinner and shortly after, The Party on it’s way to Fort William Henry runs into them along the path. They stop for a while and talk and then ask for directions to Fort William Henry. Hawkeye is suspicious of their guide and ask to see him to find out if he is an Iroquois, Hawkeye looks and discovers he is. Learning this, Duncan goes to keep their guide there so that Chingachgook and Uncas can do something about him. As Duncan was staling, Chingachgook and Uncas jumped out of the foliage and accidentally chased him away. They chase after him for a while and wound him but in the end, he is to fast for them and they return to Duncan and his party. Feeling that they were still not safe, Hawkeye offers to help them at no cost. They boarded Hawkeye’s canoe and they head for safety. Chingachgook and Uncas offered to lead the horses up stream to where the others were going by canoe. They go to and island at the foot of Glenn’s Falls for safety. Once everyone was one the island torches were lit and they went down into a cavern. At the break of dawn, the Iroquois began their attack. The attack laste... ...uois and when that time came, they went to rescue Cora. They find out that Cora has been hidden in a cave on the side of a mountain so that’s where they go. The Iroquois chief and two of his braves try to fight off Hawkeye, Duncan, and Uncas. The chief uses Cora as a shield. The chief then pulled out a knife and asked Cora if she wanted to die or be his wife. She didn’t answer so he killed her. Uncas froze in horror and the chief took this opportunity and killed him too. The chief then ran up the mountain. Hawkeye stopped and aimed his rifle at the murderer. Having gotten a good deal above Hawkeye and Heyward now the chief pushed a large rock down towards them from above and then attempted to jump to a ledge where he could not be reached. As he jumped, he fell short of his target and just managed to grab hold of a bush growing from the side of the mountain. Seeing this opportunity Hawkeye shot him and the chief fell to his death. There was a lot of mourning over Cor a’s and Uncas’ death and there were funerals for both of them. For many years afterward, Hawkeye and Chingachgook prowled the forest together and never forgot the ties of brotherhood that had taken root on Uncas’ grave.

Naturalism in Stephen Crane’s Maggie: A Girl of the Streets Essay

Naturalism in Stephen Crane’s â€Å"Maggie: A Girl of the Streets† â€Å"Maggie: A Girl of the Streets,† is a novella written by Stephen Crane and published in the year 1893. This work was published during the time of the Industrial Revolution, when factories were appearing everywhere. Their workers were often not paid enough to lead a decent life, and suffered from their situation. They were not very civilized and sometimes aggressive in their behavior. Perhaps because of this radical change from a more agricultural lifestyle to one of industry and factories, some pieces of literature were starting to transition from the classification of Realistic writings to works that are now categorized as works of Naturalism. While the two categories are related, Naturalistic works often are based in urban landscapes and focus upon the poor and less educated; whereas the character focus and settings of Realistic works were ordinary people living in both cities and small towns. Crane’s novella was written right as the literary movement of Realism ended and Naturalism began, and understandably includes elements of both movements. Crane’s story, though, can be concretely set in one category. His story occurs in urban New York. The plot of it is set on a community of its poor residents who cannot change their situation. The themes and tenets used in this work, as well as the aforementioned setting and plot choices, concretely set this novella in the classification of a work of Naturalism. Crane uses foreshadowing to allude to storylines that are created and events that occur later in the story. In the opening of the novella, we are greeted with a scene of a bloody and intense fight. Those involved are mere children, who are fighting intensely and drawing all the blood they can from their adversaries. The names of the neighborhoods from which the boys are from: â€Å"Rum Alley† and â€Å"Devil’s Row†, imply to the reader that the inhabitants are both heavily dependent on alcohol and rough in their personalities. The fact that young children are fighting battles like animals echoes the similar themes of Naturalists portraying the city as a jungle, and its’ inhabitants equal to the animals that occupy it. Crane uses both similes and metaphors to add intensity and detail to his work. His work is peppered with colorful language that allows the reader to perceive an occurrence or characteristic with greater intensity. Crane implies that Maggie is a flower through stating that she â€Å"blossomed in a mud puddle† (ch. 5). When referring to the speed with which Maggie at her food, Crane states that she ate â€Å"like a small pursued tigress† (ch. 2). Later, Jimmie confronted Pete at the bar, and â€Å"snarled like a wild animal† when he threatened Pete into a fight (ch. 11). Soon before the fight, Jimmie, his companion, and Pete stood close together and â€Å"bristled like three roosters† (ch. 11). From these similes and metaphors can be pulled Crane’s portrayal of the city. The use of animal comparisons to refer to the actions of people expose the animal-like and barbaric nature of those described. Crane and other Naturalists used this technique of describing the city as a jungle to present to their readers the reality of city life. The lifestyle and living conditions of the poor were animal-like. They fought one another in a struggle to survive. Whoever was larger was always considered superior over the small. When Pete approaches the brawling children and hits one on the head to stop him from fighting, the young boy â€Å"scrambled to his feet, and perceiving, evidently, the size of his assailant, ran quickly off, shouting alarms† (ch. 1). Crane’s use of diction is also telling of the lifestyle of those living in the Bowery. The characters speech is consistently made up of curses and broken words. It shows that the inhabitants are either poorly educated or uneducated, and lack a civilized lifestyle. The male inhabitants, at least in this story, are constantly challenging another to a fight if he feels insulted by something the other does or says. These traits further demonstrate the uncivilized and animal-like existence of those living there. Crane’s use of characterization helps the reader form ideas or hypotheses about the way a character will act throughout the story. In Chapter One, as Pete is approaching the brawl on the street, he is given the following description: Down the avenue came boastfully sauntering a lad of sixteen years, although the chronic sneer of an ideal manhood already sat upon his lips. His hat was tipped with an air of challenge over his eye. Between his teeth, a cigar stump was tilted at the angle of defiance. He walked with a certain swing of the shoulders which appalled the timid. He glanced over into the vacant lot in which the little raving boys from Devil’s Row seethed about the shrieking and tearful child from Rum Alley. â€Å"Gee! † he murmured with interest. â€Å"A scrap. Gee! † He strode over to the cursing circle, swinging his shoulders in a manner which denoted that he held victory in his fists. He approached at the back of one of the most deeply engaged of the Devil’s Row children. Ah, what deh hell,† he said, and smote the deeply-engaged one on the back of the head. This description of Pete portrays him as a person with a lot of confidence and one that sees himself as having authority over others and can do what he would like. â€Å"Maggie† is a story that is pessimistic. It is not only a story of a character who ultimately succumbs to her situation by becoming a prostitute because she feels she has no other way if supporting herself, but also one of the horrible conditions of the lower class. The residents of the area are â€Å"stuck† in the same situation of those who before them and cannot change. This is especially seen in Jimmie, because when he gets older, he adopts the same traits his father had. The story also is detached. Crane is merely telling the story. He does not intrude upon the writing by stating that anything was right or wrong. In every situation that could render an opinion or analysis by the author, Crane does not interject with his ideas or thoughts about what is happening: he merely tells the story as it happened with no feeling toward it. He states something as it is and does not embellish it. When Tommie dies, it is stated exactly as it is: â€Å"The babe, Tommie, died† (ch. ). No sad reminisces about his life or the â€Å"tragedy† of his death is given. He does not judge the characters. Naturalist writers often gave very detailed accounts of situations in their stories, but left judgment and interpretation to the reader. Tied to the fates of the characters is the story’s theme of â€Å"survival of the fittest†. The baby, Tommie, dies because he is too weak to survive. The same is the case for Maggie: she is dependent upon Pete for support. When she no longer has a relationship with him, she succumbs to her lowly situation and dies before her mother and Jimmie. Jimmie and his mother survive because they have the toughness to endure the rough lifestyle that living in the city requires. Violence and aggression are persistent themes throughout â€Å"Maggie. † The novella opens with a violent fight scene. When Jimmie returns home from the fight, his mother is furious and angrily scrubs him raw while washing the blood from the fight off of him. Pete, when breaking up the fight that Jimmie was in, just hits one of the kids on the head instead of speaking. Jimmie fights Pete when he discovers he has ruined his sister. While Pete leads Maggie through a crowded sidewalk, he threatens to fight some who are in their way. This aggression is another way that Crane implies to the reader that the city is a jungle and those who reside in it are animals. A final similar theme of â€Å"Maggie† and other works written in the time of Naturalism is the use of irony. The first instance of it occurs after Jimmie tells his mother Maggie had â€Å"gone to the devil,† which is a phrase the novella uses for having premarital sex. She curses Maggie for a bit, the says â€Å"†Ah, who would t’ink such a bad girl could grow up in our fambly† (ch. 0). This is a statement of great irony, because the environment Maggie grew up in was horrible, and her family was by no means a good one. A second instance of this occurs when Jimmie comes home to report â€Å"Mag’s dead† (ch. 19). His alcoholic and abusive mother wildly mourns the death of her daughter. A group of mourners arrive at the apartment, and one of the women tells her â€Å"†Yeh’ll fergive her, Mary! Yeh’ll fergive yer bad, bad, chil’! Her life was a curse an’ her days were black an’ yeh’ll fergive yer bad girl? She’s gone where her sins will be judged†Ã¢â‚¬  (ch. 19). She responds by stating she would. This again reflects irony by the fact that, in the household she grew up in it was hard not to commit a sin. (Word Count: 1617) Crane’s novella reflects themes and techniques commonly used in Naturalistic writings. The writers whose works were considered from the era of Naturalism all had common themes and tenets that characterized their stories. Through the use of these literary devices the authors were able to paint a picture of the lives of the members of the lowest class and bring their readers to realize the reality of the world in which they lived.

Management Of Building Services II - 1405 Words

Faculty Guide Col. G. K. Grover Student Names Enrollment Number Farhah Rahaman A13594216001 Abhimanyu Sahu A13594216004 Arindam Pal A13594216007 Amit Malhotra A13594216008 Course : PG Diploma in Facilities Management – 2016/17 Subject : Management of Building Services II (Sem 02) Assignment #03 : Standard Operating Procedure – Procurement (DLF Mall of India) Contents 1. ABSTRACT 4 2. SCOPE 4 3. RESPONSIBILITY 4 3.1 Responsibility for Acquisition 5 3.2 Responsibility for Procurement planning 5 4. REQUISITION 5 4.1Requisitions for Supplies, Equipment and Services 5 4.2†¦show more content†¦ABSTRACT To define the procurement standard operating procedure for DLF Mall of India, Noida and understand the established procurement operation cycle. 2. SCOPE †¢ Responsibility for acquisition †¢ Responsibility for procurement planning †¢ Requisitions for supplies, equipment and services †¢ Procurement requisitions †¢ Required competition level †¢ Sealed bids †¢ Types of solicitation documents †¢ Sole or single source †¢ Submission and receipt of bids †¢ Bid opening †¢ Evaluation of bids †¢ Procurement review committee †¢ Contract types †¢ Purchase orders †¢ Written procurement contracts †¢ Terms and conditions †¢ Procurement plan and contract database †¢ Store Management 3. RESPONSIBILITY 3.1 Responsibility for Acquisition The over-all responsibility for the acquisition and the procurement process of supplies, equipment and services are delegated to the Central Procurement Officer. To this end, the Central Procurement Officer shall ensure that the relevant Financial Regulations and Rules on Procurement are strictly complied with. 3.2 Responsibility for Procurement planning The Procurement planning is essential for the effective and timely solicitation of bids, proposals, award of contracts and delivery of the goods and services required for the operations of the DLF. Centrals of respective department are responsible for developing their procurement plans in cooperation with theShow MoreRelatedâ€Å"It is not in the stars to hold our destiny but in ourselves.† ― William Shakespeare My decision700 Words   |  3 Pagesmotivated to follow my ambition. I was always fascinated with buildings (residential and commercial). The thought that how they are made and what makes them strong enough to support huge weights kept me thinking. This interest made me choose Building and Architectural Engineering that comes under the Faculty of Civil Engineering from the most prestigious institute University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan. I choose Building and Architectural Engineering as my Bachlors degree becauseRead MoreQuality Management Proposal Essay632 Words   |  3 PagesBJB Quality Management Proposal Outline Learning Team B Christie Bryant, John Deprimo, Kareemot Olorunoje, Ammy Solis, Michael Willis, and Patrice Wills MGT/420 Kathryn Kendall November 5, 2012 BJB Quality Management Proposal Outline Introduction As a manufacturer of high-end compact disc changers for the automobile aftermarket, BJB manufacturing currently has no quality program. The organization needs a strategy for improving business performance through the commitment and involvementRead MoreNucleon Inc. Case Study1175 Words   |  5 Pagesthe long haul. Nucleon management is aware of the facts that they have a limited budget to start with, the financial environment in biotechnology is rapidly changing and establishing the safety and efficacy of products like CRP-1 is complex, time-consuming and expensive; that’s why they want to evaluate risks and rewards of each manufacturing strategy before making their final decision. II. Alternatives Before moving on with clinical testing phase, Nucleon management is evaluating advantagesRead MoreProject Scope Statement Example1555 Words   |  7 PagesThursday, December 31, 2015. This home is being constructed to take advantage of the latest building materials and codes and will employ emerging technology to minimize energy consumption. Construction will be overseen and managed by Apex Home Builders, the prime contractor who may subcontract components of the construction effort. All labor will be bonded and all materials will meet or exceed local building code guidelines. SECTION I. PROJECT PURPOSE The home project is being undertaken to establishRead MoreEssay Software and Hardware Companies: Oracle NZ Ltd1375 Words   |  6 Pagesbrands of database management systems. The company also builds tools for database development and systems of middle-tier software, enterprise resource planning (ERP) software, customer relationship management (CRM) software and supply chain management (SCM) software. Oracle is the largest business software and hardware company in the world, with more than 3lakh customers and supports these customers in more than 145 countries. Oracle is the unchallenged leader in Financial Services, with an integratedRead MoreThe Basic Elements Of Tqm Essay1410 Words   |  6 Pageshealthcare institute makes are â€Å"customer driven†. Customer driven firms measure the factors that drive customer satisfaction. The perception of value and satisfaction are infused by many factors through the customers overall purchase, ownership and services. Also reducing defects and error and eliminating causes of dissatisfaction contribute significantly to company’s views of quality. Also, customer opinion surveys and focuses techniques can help to understand the customer requirements and values.Read MoreSmart Cloud Conflict1489 Words   |  6 PagesConflicts Analysis of Smart City Services using Live Data using Cloud. Shirsha Das, Harsha Patil, Apurva Dhar, Ankit Jiwani, Prof. Roma Kudale Department of Computer Engineering, STES’s Smt. Kashibai Navale College Of Engineering, Pune, India shirsha.das.22@gmail.com, harshapatil841@gmail.com, apurvadhar96@gmail.com, jiwaniankit@gmail.com, roma.kudale@gmail.com Abstract- As the population of cities around the world is increasing rapidly, cities are beginning to address this problem by implementingRead MoreMit Case Analysis Essay1242 Words   |  5 Pagesstudents to enhance the further existence of MIT inventions. d. Major Problem – Taking the MIT 3DP technology as a concept and exploiting it to create new businesses. II. Strategic Management a. Board of Directors – MIT and the developers of 3DP: Emmanuel Sachs, John Haggerty, Michael Cima, and Paul Williams b. Top Management – The various business entrepreneurs seeking use of the technology: i. Soligen – Yehoramo Uziel 1. To revolutionize the prototyping process of metal casting in the automobileRead MoreSwot Analysis : Drones On Logistics Operation1438 Words   |  6 PagesFederal Aviation Administration. d) The drones will replace the vehicles travelling the roads and polluting the atmosphere, thus it will leave a positive environmental impact. d) The drones are sensitive to weather, so it will be difficult to provide service during the inclement weather. e) The drone has operational flexibility which can help to traverse difficult terrain with relatively easy way and much shorter routes. e) There might be privacy concern and can be a form of Trespass on property. f) TheRead MoreCareer Development Plan1537 Words   |  7 PagesCareer Development Plan Part II Training amp; Mentoring Program Leon Stovall University of Phoenix MEMORANDUM FOR CEO InterClean Inc. FROM: Sales Manager SUBJECT: Sales Team Training amp; Mentoring Plan As a result of the recent selection of our new sales team, I have created a training and mentoring plan. I have attached to this memo a training plan which outlines topics such as, new training and mentoring needs, objectives of the program, performance standards, delivery methods